How do children who lack positive parental and caregiver bonds fare in making friends later in life?

Children who lack positive parental and caregiver bonds often struggle with making friends later in life because early relationships play a critical role in social and emotional development. When children have supportive and nurturing caregivers, they learn important social skills, such as empathy, conflict resolution, and the ability to trust others. These foundational experiences help them develop healthy attachments, which are crucial for forming friendships.

Without these positive bonds, children may have difficulties in understanding social cues and may lack the confidence needed to engage with their peers. They might also experience challenges in expressing themselves or managing emotions, which can further complicate their ability to establish and maintain friendships. As a result, they are more likely to face social isolation and may have a much more difficult time navigating social relationships as they grow older.